Crisis Communication and Management

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Project Title	Investigators	Project Period
Monitor and Mitigate the Impact of COVID-19 on Public Safety	Barnett S. Koven, Amy Pate	September, 2020 to December, 2021
Computational Modeling of Grievances and Political Instability Through Global Media	Gary LaFree	September, 2014 to September, 2019
How Forecasters Decide to Warn: Insights on Tornado Risk Communication from the Southeast U.S.	Brooke Liu, Anita Atwell Seate	September, 2017 to August, 2019
Managing Chaos through Crisis Communication Leadership	Brooke Liu	June, 2017 to May, 2018
Social Identity and Perceptions of Counterterrorism	Demis Glasford	July, 2012 to December, 2017
School Emergency Public Information and Warning/Information Sharing	Brooke Liu, Holly Roberts	October, 2015 to September, 2016
Understanding Tornado Warnings, False Alarms, and Complacency, and Proposing Theory-Directed Solutions for Effective Warnings	Michael Egnoto, Brooke Liu	October, 2015 to September, 2016
Comprehensive Testing of Imminent Threat Public Messages for Mobile Devices (MDP)	Brooke Liu, Hamilton Bean, Marcus A. Boyd, Michele Wood	June, 2012 to June, 2015
Social Media Use during Disasters	Brooke Liu	July, 2012 to October, 2013
Training in Risk and Crisis Communication (TRACC)	Brooke Liu, Elizabeth Petrun Sayers, Katherine Worboys Izsak	August, 2011 to October, 2013
Building Community Resilience through Public Involvement: The Extended Community Assessment of Resilience Tool (CART-E)	Betty Pfefferbaum	June, 2008 to December, 2011
Preparedness for Catastrophic Events	Hamilton Bean, Kathleen Smarick, Monica Schoch-Spana, Paul Harwood	November, 2008 to November, 2010
Modeling and Simulation of Public Response to Threat and Attacks		June, 2005 to June, 2009
Communicating Risk of Mass Casualty Terrorism in Diverse Communities	Elaine Vaughan	May, 2005 to May, 2009
Effective Organizational Communication During Crises: Learning from the 2001 Anthrax Attacks	Caron Chess	May, 2005 to May, 2009
Best Practices for Preparing Communities: Citizen Engagement in Public Health Planning	Monica Schoch-Spana	May, 2005 to May, 2008

Project Title	Publication Date	START Authors	Publication Type
A Case Study of Climate Change, Extreme Weather Events, and Risk Communication in a Coastal Community	June 2019	Petrun Sayers, Elizabeth	Book Chapter
A Public Health Systems View of Risk Communication About Zika	April 2020	Schoch-Spana, Monica; Sell, Tara Kirk	Journal Article
Advancing Crisis Communication Effectiveness: Integrating Public Relations Scholarship with Practice	December 2020	Jin, Yan	Book
Advancing Understanding of Tornado Warnings, False Alarms, and Complacency	September 2017	Liu, Brooke; Roberts, Holly; Egnoto, Michael	Research Brief
Alerts and Warnings on Short Messaging Channels: Guidance from an Expert Panel Process	May 2019	Sutton, Jeannette	Journal Article
Beyond Image Repair: Suggestions for Crisis Communication Theory Development	September 2014	Liu, Brooke; Fraustino, Julia	Journal Article
Challenges and Opportunities for Pre-Crisis Emergency Risk Communication: Lessons Learned from the Earthquake Community	February 2019	Herovic, Emina	Journal Article
Communicating Crisis Uncertainty: A Review of the Knowledge Gaps	April 2016	Liu, Brooke	Journal Article
Contingency Theory: Evolution from a Public Relations Theory to a Theory of Strategic Conflict Management	September 2020	Jin, Yan	Book Chapter
Crisis and Risk Communication Scholarship of the Future: Reflections on Research Gaps	March 2020	Liu, Brooke	Journal Article
Crisis Information Seeking and Sharing (CISS): Scale Development for Measuring Publics’ Communicative Behavior in Social-Mediated Public Health Crises	April 2019	Jin, Yan	Journal Article
Crisis Management Support for the Public and Private Sectors	April 2020	Ellis, Devin	Project Fact Sheet
Cry Wolf Effect? Evaluating the Impact of False Alarms on Public Responses to Tornado Alerts in the Southeastern United States	April 2019	Liu, Brooke; Egnoto, Michael	Journal Article
Disaster as a Social Problem and Social Construct	March 2018	Tierney, Kathleen	Book Chapter
Disaster Warnings in Your Pocket: How Audiences Interpret Mobile Alerts for an Unfamiliar Hazard	March 2016	Liu, Brooke; Mileti, Dennis; Bean, Hamilton; Sutton, Jeannette; Wood, Michele; Madden, Stephanie	Journal Article
Disasters: A Sociological Approach	March 2019	Tierney, Kathleen	Book
Disentangling Social Media Influence in Crises: Testing a Four-factor Model of Social Media Influence with Large Data	November 2018	Liu, Brooke	Journal Article
Editor's Essay: The Critical Need for Crisis and Risk Communication Research	April 2019	Liu, Brooke	Journal Article
Evidence-Based Guidance for Public Risk Communication and Education	September 2006	Mileti, Dennis	Research Brief
Examining Signs of Recovery: How Senior Crisis Communicators Define Organizational Crisis Recovery	December 2014	Liu, Brooke	Journal Article
Examining the Role of Social Media in Effective Crisis Management: The Effects of Crisis Origin, Information Form, and Source on Publics' Crisis Responses	August 2017	Liu, Brooke; Jin, Yan	Journal Article
Facilitation of Risk Communication During the Anthrax Attacks of 2001: The Organizational Backstory	October 2007	Chess, Caron	Journal Article
False Alarms, Real Challenges - One University's Communication Response to the 2001 Anthrax Crisis	June 2006	Chess, Caron	Journal Article
From the Periphery and toward a Centralized Model for Trust in Government Risk and Disaster Communication	June 2020	Liu, Brooke	Journal Article
How communication theory can help counter-terrorism stakeholders	September 2017	Bean, Hamilton	Journal Article
How Disaster Information Form, Source, Type, and Prior Disaster Exposure Affect Public Outcomes: Jumping on the Social Media Bandwagon?	January 2015	Liu, Brooke; Fraustino, Julia; Jin, Yan	Journal Article
How Mobile Home Residents Understand and Respond to Tornado Warnings	April 2019	Liu, Brooke; Egnoto, Michael	Journal Article
How Publics’ Active and Passive Communicative Behaviors Affect their Tornado Responses: An Integration of STOPS and SMCC	August 2019	Liu, Brooke; Egnoto, Michael	Journal Article
Influence of Community and Culture in the Ethical Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources in a Pandemic Situation: Deliberative Democracy Study	March 2020	Schoch-Spana, Monica	Journal Article
Information Sharing During the University of Texas at Austin Active Shooter/Suicide Event	September 2014	Egnoto, Michael	Journal Article
Is a Picture Worth a Thousand Words? The Effects of Maps and Warning Messages on How Publics Respond to Disaster Information	April 2017	Liu, Brooke; Mileti, Dennis; Bean, Hamilton; Sutton, Jeannette; Egnoto, Michael; Wood, Michele; Madden, Stephanie	Journal Article
Keeping Hospitals Operating During Disasters Through Crisis Communication Preparedness	June 2018	Liu, Brooke; Herovic, Emina; Roberts, Holly	Journal Article
Machines, Monsters, and Coffin Corners: Broadcast Meteorologists’ Use of Figurative and Intense Language During Hurricane Harvey	April 2020	Sutton, Jeannette	Journal Article
Measuring and Achieving Equity in Multiperiod Emergency Material Allocation	June 2019	Bier, Vicki	Journal Article
Mediating International Crises	July 2006	Wilkenfeld, Jonathan; Asal, Victor	Book
Milling and Public Warnings	May 2017	Liu, Brooke; Mileti, Dennis; Bean, Hamilton; Sutton, Jeannette; Wood, Michele; Madden, Stephanie	Journal Article
Mobile Technology and the Transformation of Public Alert and Warning	October 2019	Bean, Hamilton	Book
Perceived Media Influence, Mental Illness, and Responses to News Coverage of a Mass Shooting	April 2017	Atwell Seate, Anita	Journal Article
Powers and Problems of Integrating Social Media Data with Public Health and Safety	September 2015	LaFree, Gary	Conference Paper
Reaching Vulnerable Populations in the Disaster-Prone US Gulf Coast: Communicating Across the Crisis Lifecycle	August 2019	Petrun Sayers, Elizabeth	Journal Article
Research Highlight: U.S. Attitudes toward Terrorism and Counterterrorism Before and After the April 2013 Boston Marathon Bombings	October 2013	Adamczyk, Amy; LaFree, Gary; Tourangeau, Roger; Presser, Stanley	Research Brief
Retweeting Risk Communication: The Role of Threat and Efficacy	August 2018	Sutton, Jeannette	Journal Article
Risk and Crisis Communication in Schools: Understanding Current Challenges and Opportunities	June 2019	Liu, Brooke; Roberts, Holly; Egnoto, Michael; Page, Tyler	Book Chapter
Rumor Response, Debunking Response, and Decision Makings of Misinformed Twitter Users during Disasters	May 2018	Zhuang, Jun	Journal Article
Social Media Use during Disasters: A Review of the Knowledge Base and Gaps	December 2012	Liu, Brooke; Fraustino, Julia; Jin, Yan	START Reports
Social Media Use During Disasters: How Information Form and Source Influence Intended Behavioral Responses	June 2016	Liu, Brooke; Fraustino, Julia; Jin, Yan	Journal Article
Speaking with One Voice: Risk Communication Lessons from the US Anthrax Attacks	June 2006	Chess, Caron	Journal Article
Strategic Communication and U.S. National Security Affairs: Critical-Cultural and Rhetorical Perspectives	July 2017	Bean, Hamilton	Book Chapter
Taking Effective Risk and Crisis Communication for Granted?	August 2013	Liu, Brooke; Petrun, Elizabeth	Discussion Point
Terse Message Amplification in the Boston Bombing Response	May 2014	Sutton, Jeannette	Conference Paper
The Benefit of Interventions to Reduce Posttraumatic Stress in Youth Exposed to Mass Trauma: A Review and Meta-Analysis	August 2019	Pfefferbaum, Betty	Journal Article
The Frontiers of Uncertainty Estimation in Interdisciplinary Disaster Research and Practice	May 2019	Sutton, Jeannette	Journal Article
The Handbook of Communication and Security	June 2019	Bean, Hamilton	Book
The Role of Communication in Healthcare Systems and Community Resilience	September 2017	Liu, Brooke; Petrun Sayers, Elizabeth; Roberts, Holly; Egnoto, Michael	Journal Article
The Role of Homeland Security Information Bulletins within Emergency Management Organizations: A Case Study of Enactment	July 2007	Bean, Hamilton; Keranen, Lisa	Journal Article
The Scared, the Outraged, and the Anxious: How Crisis Emotions, Involvement, and Demographics Predict Publics' Conative Coping	April 2016	Liu, Brooke; Fraustino, Julia; Jin, Yan	Journal Article
The SPARS Pandemic 2025–2028: A Futuristic Scenario to Facilitate Medical Countermeasure Communication	March 2020	Schoch-Spana, Monica; Sell, Tara Kirk	Journal Article
The Study of Mobile Public Warning Messages: A Research Review and Agenda	February 2015	Liu, Brooke; Mileti, Dennis; Bean, Hamilton; Sutton, Jeannette; Wood, Michele; Madden, Stephanie	Journal Article
Too Many Patients…A Framework to Guide Statewide Allocation of Scarce Mechanical Ventilation During Disasters	October 2018	Schoch-Spana, Monica	Journal Article
Tornado Warning: Understanding the National Weather Service’s Communication Strategies	January 2020	Atwell Seate, Anita; Liu, Brooke; Herovic, Emina; Iles, Irina A.	Journal Article
Toward More Audience-Oriented Approaches to Crisis Communication and Social Media Research	January 2018	Liu, Brooke; Fraustino, Julia	Book Chapter
Training in Risk and Crisis Communication Modules: Project Fact Sheet	December 2013	Liu, Brooke; Petrun, Elizabeth	Project Fact Sheet
U.S. Emergency Management in the 21st Century: From Disaster to Catastrophe	December 2019	Cutter, Susan	Book
Understanding Motivated Publics during Disasters: Examining Message Functions, Frames, and Styles of Social Media Influentials and Followers	October 2019	Liu, Brooke	Journal Article
Understanding Risk Communication Best Practices: A Guide for Emergency Managers and Communicators	May 2012	Liu, Brooke	START Reports
Universal Preventive Interventions for Children in the Context of Disasters and Terrorism	April 2014	Pfefferbaum, Betty	Journal Article
What it Takes to Get Passed On: Message Content, Style, and Structure as Predictors of Retransmission in the Boston Marathon Bombing Response	August 2015	Sutton, Jeannette	Journal Article
Willingness to Click: Risk Information Seeking during Imminent Threats	August 2017	Sutton, Jeannette	Journal Article
“Death was not in the agenda for the day”: Emotions, Behavioral Reactions, and Perceptions in Response to the 2018 Hawaii Wireless Emergency Alert	February 2019	Sutton, Jeannette	Journal Article

Title	Byline
UMD researchers receive NOAA grant to improve crisis communication	UMD Department of Communication Staff
Kurt Braddock’s ‘Weaponized Words’ teaches how to outtalk a terrorist	Monica Pizzo
Communication during coronavirus	Jessica Weiss
START undergraduate wins second place at international conference	Jessica Rivinius
Research begins on Crisis Leadership project with help from FIRE students	Zane Moses
Focus groups yield insight into complacency in emergency situations	Jessica Rivinius
Scouting out risk communication field research	Aileen St. Leger, Jessica Rivinius
New NOAA project aims to improve all hazards risk communication	Jessica Rivinius
Study shows longer emergency text alerts improve safety	Jessica Rivinius
Freshmen add a spark to risk communication and resilience research	Joshua Nesselrodt
Risk communication researchers earn top paper awards
Prepare, respond and recover with TRACC training	Joshua Nesselrodt, Holly Roberts
START’s TRACC receives FEMA approval	Jessica Rivinius
‘Best practices in crisis communications’
Discussion Point: Taking Effective Risk and Crisis Communication for Granted?	Elizabeth Petrun, Brooke Liu
Risk Communication Research Roundtable: Methodology and Impact	Mary Beck
Researcher Spotlight: Dennis Mileti and the sociology of disaster	Jessica Rivinius
START researchers awarded nearly $1 million to improve effectiveness of emergency alert text messaging	Nicholas Munson
Understanding Risk Communication Best Practices and Theory	Stephanie Madden
Enacting best practices in risk communication
Researcher spotlight: Hamilton Bean	Kelly Kline
START participates in risk communication conference	Claire Simon
START Releases 2011 Research Review
START Research Team to Develop Risk Communication Training Program
Call for Posters: Emergency Pre‐Event Communication
START Launches Research Brief Series
Elliott Participates in White House Conference on School Safety
START Announces Fellowships for 2005-06

Title	Job Title	Institution
Brooke Liu	Professor of Communication and START Affiliated Faculty Member	University of Maryland
Deborah Cai	Professor and Senior Associate Dean, Klein College of Media and Communication	Temple University
Devin Ellis	Policy & Research Program Director, ICONS Project	University of Maryland
Egle Murauskaite	Senior Researcher & Simulation Developer, ICONS Project, START	University of Maryland
Elizabeth Petrun Sayers	Associate Behavioral and Social Scientist	RAND Corporation
Emina Herovic	Assistant Clinical Professor	University of Maryland
Gabrielle Matuzsan	Analyst, Government Accountability Office
Hamilton Bean	Assistant Professor	University of Colorado Denver
Holly Roberts	Senior Communications Consultant, Enterprise Resource Performance Inc (ERPi)
Irina A. Iles	Researcher, National Cancer Institute	University of Maryland
Julia Fraustino	Assistant Professor	West Virginia University
Karina Panyan	Research Assistant, Global Terrorism Database (GTD), START	University of Maryland
Michael Egnoto	Affiliated Researcher, START
Michele Wood	Assistant Professor of Health Science, Director CA-NV Public Health Training Center - Fullerton	California State University, Fullerton
Monica Schoch-Spana	Senior Scholar, Center for Health Security	Johns Hopkins University
Stephanie Madden	Assistant Professor	Pennsylvania State University
Tara Kirk Sell	Senior Associate	Johns Hopkins University
Tyler Page	Ph.D. Candidate	University of Maryland
Yan Jin	Professor of Public Relations	University of Georgia