Back to Advanced SearchSEARCH RESULTS: 18125 INCIDENTS
CHART RESULTS:
SEARCH CRITERIA:
Years: (between 2006 and 2016)
All incidents regardless of doubt.
Perpetrators: (Al-Qaida; Al-Qaida Kurdish Battalions (AQKB); Al-Qaida Network for Southwestern Khulna Division; Al-Qaida Organization for Jihad in Sweden; Al-Qaida in Iraq; Al-Qaida in Saudi Arabia; Al-Qaida in Yemen; Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP); Al-Qaida in the Indian Subcontinent; Al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM); Al-Qaqa Brigade; Al-Qassam Brigades; Al-Shabaab; Ansar al-Islam; Boko Haram; Haqqani Network; Harakat ul-Mujahidin (HuM); Harakat ul-Mujahidin Al-Almi; Harakat-i-Inqilahi-i-Islami; Islamic Army in Iraq (al-Jaish al-Islami fi al-Iraq); Islamic State in Bangladesh; Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS); Islamic State of Iraq (ISI); Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL); Jaish-e-Mohammad (Iraq); Jemaah Islamiya (JI); Lashkar-e-Jhangvi; Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT); Movement of the Third Reich; Mujahedeen Army; Taliban; Taliban (Pakistan); Tehrik-e-Taliban Islami (TTI))
| GTD ID | DATE | COUNTRY | CITY | PERPETRATOR GROUP | FATALITIES | INJURED | TARGET TYPE | REGION | ATTACK TYPE | WEAPON TYPE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 201612310031 | 2016-12-31 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | Unknown | 0 | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612290032 | 2016-12-29 | Iraq | Baghdad | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 1 | 7 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612290025 | 2016-12-29 | Iraq | Shirqat district | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 1 | 0 | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Hostage Taking (Kidnapping) | Unknown |
| 201612280006 | 2016-12-28 | Syria | Al-Azraq | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 0 | 0 | Unknown | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612260028 | 2016-12-26 | Iraq | As Sakran | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | Unknown | 0 | Unknown | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612250040 | 2016-12-25 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 17 | Unknown | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives,Unknown |
| 201612250047 | 2016-12-25 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 17 | Unknown | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives,Explosives,Unknown |
| 201612240024 | 2016-12-24 | Iraq | Ramadi | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | Unknown | Unknown | Police,Government (General) | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612220026 | 2016-12-22 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 3 | 0 | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion,Armed Assault | Explosives,Firearms |
| 201612210014 | 2016-12-21 | Iraq | Baghdad | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 1 | 4 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612210035 | 2016-12-21 | Syria | Bab | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 13 | 18 | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612190020 | 2016-12-19 | Syria | Tiyas | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | Unknown | Unknown | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612190036 | 2016-12-19 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 9 | 0 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives,Unknown |
| 201612180019 | 2016-12-18 | Iraq | Halabsah | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 2 | 5 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612180013 | 2016-12-18 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 2 | 4 | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Unknown | Unknown |
| 201612160018 | 2016-12-16 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 14 | 0 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives,Unknown |
| 201612160019 | 2016-12-16 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 13 | 0 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives,Unknown |
| 201612160017 | 2016-12-16 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 33 | 0 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives,Unknown |
| 201612140025 | 2016-12-14 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 1 | 2 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612140029 | 2016-12-14 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | Unknown | 0 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612130015 | 2016-12-13 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | Unknown | Unknown | Military,Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612120045 | 2016-12-12 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 17 | 0 | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Unknown | Unknown |
| 201612110023 | 2016-12-11 | Iraq | Baghdad | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 0 | 5 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612110020 | 2016-12-11 | Iraq | Ayn al-Hisyan | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | Unknown | 0 | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612090009 | 2016-12-09 | Syria | Bab district | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | Unknown | Unknown | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612090015 | 2016-12-09 | Iraq | Baghdad | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) (suspected) | 5 | 11 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612080020 | 2016-12-08 | Syria | Unknown | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 11 | 0 | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Armed Assault | Firearms |
| 201612070008 | 2016-12-07 | Iraq | Baghdad | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 0 | 8 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612060007 | 2016-12-06 | Iraq | Baghdad | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 0 | 2 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612050008 | 2016-12-05 | Iraq | Riyadh | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 2 | 0 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Unknown | Unknown |
| 201612050005 | 2016-12-04 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 0 | 3 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612040008 | 2016-12-04 | Iraq | Mahus | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | Unknown | Unknown | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Hostage Taking (Kidnapping) | Unknown |
| 201612050012 | 2016-12-04 | Iraq | Kanaos | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 0 | 0 | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612040010 | 2016-12-04 | Iraq | Shawuk | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | Unknown | Unknown | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Hostage Taking (Kidnapping) | Unknown |
| 201612050013 | 2016-12-04 | Iraq | Baiji district | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 20 | 0 | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612030002 | 2016-12-03 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 13 | 30 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612020004 | 2016-12-02 | Iraq | Rutbah district | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 0 | 0 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201612010115 | 2016-12-01 | Iraq | Maktab Khalid | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 0 | 2 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201611300037 | 2016-11-30 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 7 | 1 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives,Unknown |
| 201611290040 | 2016-11-29 | Iraq | Dibis district | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 4 | 1 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201611290030 | 2016-11-29 | Iraq | Tal Afar | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 2 | 7 | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201611280064 | 2016-11-28 | Iraq | Al-Atshana | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 0 | 1 | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Armed Assault | Firearms |
| 201611270011 | 2016-11-27 | Syria | Al-Rai | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 2 | 12 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201611260039 | 2016-11-26 | Syria | Unknown | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 1 | 3 | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Unknown | Unknown |
| 201611260052 | 2016-11-26 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 1 | 0 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Armed Assault | Firearms |
| 201611250014 | 2016-11-25 | Iraq | Tal Afar | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 0 | 4 | Journalists & Media,Terrorists/Non-state Militia | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201611250032 | 2016-11-25 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 27 | 0 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Hostage Taking (Kidnapping) | Firearms |
| 201611240024 | 2016-11-24 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 5 | 0 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Unknown | Unknown |
| 201611230048 | 2016-11-23 | Iraq | Sinjar district | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 0 | 0 | Terrorists/Non-state Militia | Middle East & North Africa | Unknown | Unknown |
| 201611230063 | 2016-11-23 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 6 | 30 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201611220019 | 2016-11-22 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 0 | 0 | Government (General) | Middle East & North Africa | Assassination | Firearms |
| 201611210051 | 2016-11-21 | Iraq | Baghdad | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 0 | 3 | Transportation | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201611190025 | 2016-11-19 | Iraq | Shirqat | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 5 | 0 | Terrorists/Non-state Militia | Middle East & North Africa | Armed Assault | Firearms |
| 201611190016 | 2016-11-19 | Iraq | Imam Gharbi | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 43 | 4 | Police,Military | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives,Unknown |
| 201611170011 | 2016-11-17 | Iraq | Al-Abbarah | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 0 | 0 | Unknown | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201611170025 | 2016-11-17 | Iraq | Amiriyat al-Fallujah | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 21 | 40 | Police,Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201611160041 | 2016-11-16 | Iraq | Rutbah | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 8 | 5 | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201611150001 | 2016-11-15 | Yemen | Salamiyah | Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) | 0 | 1 | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201611140024 | 2016-11-14 | Iraq | Fallujah | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 2 | 4 | Police | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201611140007 | 2016-11-14 | Iraq | Fallujah | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 8 | 6 | Police,Private Citizens & Property,Other | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201611130050 | 2016-11-13 | Iraq | Baghdad | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) (suspected) | 2 | 7 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201611120006 | 2016-11-12 | Iraq | Anah | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 0 | 0 | Government (General) | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201611120032 | 2016-11-12 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | Unknown | Unknown | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion,Armed Assault | Explosives,Explosives,Firearms |
| 201611110009 | 2016-11-11 | Iraq | Huwaysh | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 2 | 0 | Unknown | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201611090003 | 2016-11-09 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 30 | 0 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Hostage Taking (Kidnapping) | Other |
| 201611080020 | 2016-11-08 | Yemen | Ar Raydah | Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) | 2 | Unknown | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives,Unknown |
| 201611070010 | 2016-11-07 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | Unknown | Unknown | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201611060036 | 2016-11-06 | Iraq | Shirqat | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 2 | 20 | Business | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201611040012 | 2016-11-04 | Turkey | Diyarbakir | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL),Kurdistan Freedom Hawks (TAK),Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) | 14 | 100 | Police,Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201611040017 | 2016-11-04 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 6 | Unknown | Journalists & Media,Military | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201611030029 | 2016-11-03 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 1 | 0 | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201611030041 | 2016-11-03 | Iraq | Mawali | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | Unknown | Unknown | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Hostage Taking (Kidnapping) | Unknown |
| 201610310021 | 2016-10-31 | Iraq | Hadithah district | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 3 | 0 | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201610290015 | 2016-10-29 | Iraq | Baghdad | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 8 | 20 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201610270030 | 2016-10-27 | Yemen | Lawdar district | Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) | 0 | 2 | Terrorists/Non-state Militia | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201610260051 | 2016-10-26 | Yemen | Al-Wadea | Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) | 1 | 0 | Police | Middle East & North Africa | Hostage Taking (Kidnapping) | Firearms |
| 201610240017 | 2016-10-24 | Iraq | Safiyyah | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 0 | 0 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Armed Assault | Firearms |
| 201610230013 | 2016-10-23 | Iraq | Kirkuk | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 1 | 0 | Unknown | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201610230014 | 2016-10-23 | Iraq | Kirkuk | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 1 | 0 | Unknown | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201610220007 | 2016-10-21 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 284 | 0 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Hostage Taking (Kidnapping) | Firearms |
| 201610210012 | 2016-10-21 | Iraq | Mutasim | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 5 | 15 | Terrorists/Non-state Militia | Middle East & North Africa | Assassination | Explosives |
| 201610210011 | 2016-10-20 | Iraq | Kafruk | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 0 | 0 | Unknown | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201610200044 | 2016-10-20 | Yemen | Lawdar district | Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) | Unknown | Unknown | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Unknown | Unknown |
| 201610190006 | 2016-10-19 | Iraq | Sinjar district | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 47 | 3 | Military | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201610180020 | 2016-10-18 | Iraq | Kirkuk | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 0 | 0 | Terrorists/Non-state Militia | Middle East & North Africa | Unknown | Unknown |
| 201610160003 | 2016-10-16 | Iraq | Baghdad | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 3 | 4 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201610160013 | 2016-10-16 | Iraq | Sinsil | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 1 | 2 | Military,Terrorists/Non-state Militia | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201610150015 | 2016-10-15 | Iraq | Baghdad | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 36 | 33 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201610130006 | 2016-10-13 | Iraq | Al-Murrah | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 1 | 0 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201610110043 | 2016-10-11 | Syria | Mashi | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 11 | 20 | Business | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201610090009 | 2016-10-09 | Iraq | Al-Bakkarah | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 10 | 0 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Unknown | Unknown |
| 201610090007 | 2016-10-08 | Iraq | Hawad | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 3 | 3 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201610070007 | 2016-10-07 | Iraq | Khanukah | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 9 | 4 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Unknown | Unknown |
| 201610060007 | 2016-10-06 | Iraq | Atshanah | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | Unknown | Unknown | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Armed Assault | Firearms |
| 201610030034 | 2016-10-03 | Syria | Hamah | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 2 | 6 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201610030005 | 2016-10-03 | Iraq | Baghdad | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 6 | 16 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201610020009 | 2016-10-02 | Iraq | Hawijah district | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 3 | 2 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
| 201610010055 | 2016-10-01 | Syria | Unknown | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | 1 | 0 | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Hostage Taking (Kidnapping) | Unknown |
| 201610010030 | 2016-10-01 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | Unknown | Unknown | Private Citizens & Property | Middle East & North Africa | Hostage Taking (Kidnapping) | Unknown |
| 201609300039 | 2016-09-30 | Iraq | Mosul | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) | Unknown | 0 | Unknown | Middle East & North Africa | Bombing/Explosion | Explosives |
Copyright © 2009-2022 University of Maryland
National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism
An Emeritus Center of Excellence of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Data and Privacy | End User Agreement | Contact
National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism
An Emeritus Center of Excellence of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Data and Privacy | End User Agreement | Contact