Incident Summary:
02/02/2003: At around 11 am local time, a bomb exploded in a busy shopping street in Lagos, killing at least 20 and injuring at least 43. The blast destroyed two four-story blocks, a row of small street stalls, and a bank which was subsequently looted. Later, explosive residue was found at the scene.
Overview
GTD ID:
200302020002
When:
2003-02-02
Country:
Nigeria
Region:
Sub-Saharan Africa
Province/administrative
region/u.s. state:
Lagos
City:
Lagos
What
Attack Information
| Type of Attack () |
Bombing/Explosion |
| Successful Attack? () |
Yes |
Target Information ()
| Target Type: Business |
|---|
| Name of Entity |
Nigerian Businesses |
| Specific Description |
Local merchants and a bank on Lagos Island, Lagos |
| Nationality of Target |
Nigeria |
| Target Type: Private Citizens & Property |
|---|
| Name of Entity |
Nigerian Citizens |
| Specific Description |
Nigerian Citizens at a street market on Idumagbo Avenue, Lagos Island, Lagos |
| Nationality of Target |
Nigeria |
Additional Information
| Hostages |
No |
| Ransom |
No |
| Property Damage |
Yes |
| Extent of Property Damage |
Major (likely > $1 million but < $1 billion) |
| Value of Property Damage |
Unknown |
How
Weapon Information
| Type |
Sub-type |
| Explosives |
Unknown Explosive Type |
| Weapon Details |
|---|
| Unknown explosives were used. |
Additional Information
| Suicide Attack? | No |
| Part of Multiple Incident? | No |
| Criterion 1 () |
Yes |
| Criterion 2 () |
Yes |
| Criterion 3 () |
Yes |
| Doubt Terrorism Proper () |
No |
| Additional Information |
The rescue response was slow, and as a result pandemonium ensued, between looting, searching for survivors, and anger at the local government for their lack of preparedness and response. The local government attempted to play down speculation of a terrorist incident by saying there was no evidence of a terrorist event. The death toll varied from 20 to over 50. |
Who
Perpetrator Group Information
| Group Name |
Claimed Responsibility |
| Unknown |
No |
Perpetrator Statistics
| Number of Perpetrators |
Unknown |
| Number of Captured Perpetrators |
0 |
Casualty Information
| Total Number of Casualties |
20 Fatalities / 43 Injured |
| Total Number of Fatalities |
20 |
| Number of U.S. Fatalities |
Unknown |
| Number of Perpetrator Fatalities |
Unknown |
| Total Number of Injured |
43 |
| Number of U.S. Injured |
Unknown |
| Number of Perpetrators Injured |
Unknown |
Sources
Sources
| David Pilditch, "40 Killed As Bank is Blitzed; Al-Qaeda Fear in Lagos Blast," Daily Record, February 3, 2003. |
| Ade Obisesan, "Nigerian police find explosives residue after Lagos blast," AFP, February 5, 2003. |
| "Nigeria; Lagos: Groaning Under Another Explosion," Africa News, February 5, 2003. |
Criteria
Criteria 1
The act must be aimed at attaining a political, economic, religious, or social goal. In terms of economic goals, the exclusive pursuit of profit does not satisfy this criterion. It must involve the pursuit of more profound, systemic economic change.
Criterion 2
There must be evidence of an intention to coerce, intimidate, or convey some other message to a larger audience (or audiences) than the immediate victims. It is the act taken as a totality that is considered, irrespective if every individual involved in carrying out the act was aware of this intention. As long as any of the planners or decision-makers behind the attack intended to coerce, intimidate or publicize, the intentionality criterion is met.
Criterion 3
The action must be outside the context of legitimate warfare activities. That is, the act must be outside the parameters permitted by international humanitarian law (particularly the prohibition against deliberately targeting civilians or non-combatants.
Doubt Terrorism Proper
The existence of a "Yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper?" records reservation, in the eyes of GTD analysts, that the incident in question is truly terrorism. Such uncertainty, however, was not deemed to be sufficient to disqualify the incident from inclusion into the GTD. Furthermore, such a determination of doubt is subsequently coded by GTD analysts as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Alternate Designation
The determination of "yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper" by GTD analysts is coded as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Successful Attack
Success of a terrorist strike is defined according to the tangible effects of the attack. For example, in a typical successful bombing, the bomb detonates and destroys property and/or kills individuals, whereas an unsuccessful bombing is one in which the bomb is discovered and defused or detonates early and kills the perpetrators. Success is not judged in terms of the larger goals of the perpetrators. For example, a bomb that exploded in a building would be counted as a success even if it did not, for example, succeed in bringing the building down or inducing government repression.
Type of Attack
This field captures the general method of attack and often reflects the broad class of tactics used. It consists of the following nine categories:
- Assassination
- Armed Assault
- Unarmed Assault
- Bombing/Explosion
- Hijacking
- Hostage taking (Barricade Incident)
- Hostage taking (Kidnapping)
- Facility / Infrastructure Attack
- Unknown
Target Information
This field captures the general type of target. It consists of the following 22 categories:
- Abortion Related
- Airports & Airlines
- Business
- Government (General)
- Government (Diplomatic)
- Educational Institution
- Food or Water Supply
- Journalists & Media
- Maritime (includes Ports and Maritime facilities)
- Military
- NGO
- Other
- Police
- Private Citizens & Property
- Religious Figures/Institutions
- Telecommunication
- Terrorists
- Tourists
- Transportation (other than aviation)
- Unknown
- Utilities
- Violent Political Parties
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