Incident Summary:
08/20/2003: Six Jehovah's Witnesses were kidnapped by members of the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) a few miles outside the town of Jolo, Philippines. The two male hostages were beheaded on August 22, 2002. Their heads were left at a local market with notes denouncing them as infidels. The four female hostages were held for a ransom of 16 million pesos (approximately $300,000). Two of the women escaped from the captors on April 19, 2003. The remaining two escaped on May 17, 2003.
Overview
GTD ID:
200208200003
When:
2002-08-20
Country:
Philippines
Region:
Southeast Asia
Province/administrative
region/u.s. state:
Sulu
City:
Near Jolo
What
Attack Information
| Type of Attack () |
Hostage Taking (Kidnapping) |
| Successful Attack? () |
Yes |
Target Information ()
| Target Type: Private Citizens & Property |
|---|
| Name of Entity |
Jehovah's Witness |
| Specific Description |
Six Jehovah's Witnesses near Jolo |
| Nationality of Target |
Philippines |
Additional Information
| Hostages |
Yes |
| Number of Hostages |
6 |
| US Hostages |
0 |
| Days of Kidnapping |
270 |
| Outcome |
Hostage(s) escaped (not during rescue attempt) |
| Ransom |
Yes |
| Total Ransom Amount Demanded |
300000.00 |
| Ransom Amount Demanded from US Sources |
Unknown |
| Total Ransom Amount Paid |
0.00 |
| Total Ransom Amount Paid by US Sources |
Unknown |
| Ransom Notes |
A letter was mailed to the provincial governor with the ransom demand. |
| Property Damage |
No |
How
Weapon Information
| Type |
Sub-type |
| Melee |
Knife or Other Sharp Object |
| Unknown |
|
| Weapon Details |
|---|
| Two of the six hostages were beheaded, implying that the attackers employed the use of a sharp object. |
Additional Information
| Suicide Attack? | No |
| Part of Multiple Incident? | No |
| Criterion 1 () |
Yes |
| Criterion 2 () |
Yes |
| Criterion 3 () |
Yes |
| Doubt Terrorism Proper () |
No |
Who
Perpetrator Group Information
| Group Name |
Claimed Responsibility |
| Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) |
Yes (Confirmed: Unknown; Mode: Other) |
Perpetrator Statistics
| Number of Perpetrators |
Unknown |
| Number of Captured Perpetrators |
Unknown |
Casualty Information
| Total Number of Casualties |
2 Fatalities / 4 Injured |
| Total Number of Fatalities |
2 |
| Number of U.S. Fatalities |
0 |
| Number of Perpetrator Fatalities |
0 |
| Total Number of Injured |
4 |
| Number of U.S. Injured |
0 |
| Number of Perpetrators Injured |
0 |
Sources
Sources
| Zeny Masong, "Muslim extremists behead two captive Jehovah's Witnesses in southern Philippines," Associated Press, August 22, 2002. |
| "PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT TROOPS RECOVER LAST TWO HOSTAGES HELD BY ABU SAYYAF," Philippine Daily Inquirer, May 18, 2003. |
| "Abu Sayyaf rebels demand 300,000 dollar ransom for seven hostages," Deutsche Presse-Agentur, November 12, 2003. |
Criteria
Criteria 1
The act must be aimed at attaining a political, economic, religious, or social goal. In terms of economic goals, the exclusive pursuit of profit does not satisfy this criterion. It must involve the pursuit of more profound, systemic economic change.
Criterion 2
There must be evidence of an intention to coerce, intimidate, or convey some other message to a larger audience (or audiences) than the immediate victims. It is the act taken as a totality that is considered, irrespective if every individual involved in carrying out the act was aware of this intention. As long as any of the planners or decision-makers behind the attack intended to coerce, intimidate or publicize, the intentionality criterion is met.
Criterion 3
The action must be outside the context of legitimate warfare activities. That is, the act must be outside the parameters permitted by international humanitarian law (particularly the prohibition against deliberately targeting civilians or non-combatants.
Doubt Terrorism Proper
The existence of a "Yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper?" records reservation, in the eyes of GTD analysts, that the incident in question is truly terrorism. Such uncertainty, however, was not deemed to be sufficient to disqualify the incident from inclusion into the GTD. Furthermore, such a determination of doubt is subsequently coded by GTD analysts as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Alternate Designation
The determination of "yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper" by GTD analysts is coded as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Successful Attack
Success of a terrorist strike is defined according to the tangible effects of the attack. For example, in a typical successful bombing, the bomb detonates and destroys property and/or kills individuals, whereas an unsuccessful bombing is one in which the bomb is discovered and defused or detonates early and kills the perpetrators. Success is not judged in terms of the larger goals of the perpetrators. For example, a bomb that exploded in a building would be counted as a success even if it did not, for example, succeed in bringing the building down or inducing government repression.
Type of Attack
This field captures the general method of attack and often reflects the broad class of tactics used. It consists of the following nine categories:
- Assassination
- Armed Assault
- Unarmed Assault
- Bombing/Explosion
- Hijacking
- Hostage taking (Barricade Incident)
- Hostage taking (Kidnapping)
- Facility / Infrastructure Attack
- Unknown
Target Information
This field captures the general type of target. It consists of the following 22 categories:
- Abortion Related
- Airports & Airlines
- Business
- Government (General)
- Government (Diplomatic)
- Educational Institution
- Food or Water Supply
- Journalists & Media
- Maritime (includes Ports and Maritime facilities)
- Military
- NGO
- Other
- Police
- Private Citizens & Property
- Religious Figures/Institutions
- Telecommunication
- Terrorists
- Tourists
- Transportation (other than aviation)
- Unknown
- Utilities
- Violent Political Parties
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