Incident Summary:
03/20/2002: A Palestinian suicide bomber detonated an explosive device on a crowded Israeli bus en route from Tel Aviv to Nazareth. The explosion occurred a little past 7 a.m. near the Israeli Arab town of Umm el-Fahm. The Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) claimed direct responsibility for the attack and identified the assailant as twenty-four year old Rafat Abu Diyak from the West Bank city of Jenin. The attack killed seven and wounded twenty-nine. Of the seven killed, four were Israeli soldiers, two were Jewish Israeli civilians, and one civilian was not identified at the time. Of the twenty nine civilians wounded, fifteen were Arab citizens of Israel.
Overview
GTD ID:
200203200002
When:
2002-03-20
Country:
Israel
Region:
Middle East & North Africa
Province/administrative
region/u.s. state:
Haifa
City:
Near Umm al-Fahm
What
Attack Information
| Type of Attack () |
Bombing/Explosion |
| Successful Attack? () |
Yes |
Target Information ()
| Target Type: Transportation |
|---|
| Name of Entity |
Civilians |
| Specific Description |
Indiscriminate civilians aboard an Israeli transit bus en route from Tel Aviv to Nazareth. |
| Nationality of Target |
Israel |
Additional Information
| Hostages |
No |
| Ransom |
No |
| Property Damage |
Yes |
| Extent of Property Damage |
Minor (likely < $1 million) |
| Value of Property Damage |
Unknown |
How
Weapon Information
| Type |
Sub-type |
| Explosives |
Suicide (carried bodily by human being) |
| Weapon Details |
|---|
| The suicide bomber carried unspecified explosives directly on his person in the incident. |
Additional Information
| Suicide Attack? | Yes |
| Part of Multiple Incident? | No |
| Criterion 1 () |
Yes |
| Criterion 2 () |
Yes |
| Criterion 3 () |
Yes |
| Doubt Terrorism Proper () |
No |
Who
Perpetrator Statistics
| Number of Perpetrators |
1 |
| Number of Captured Perpetrators |
0 |
Casualty Information
| Total Number of Casualties |
8 Fatalities / 29 Injured |
| Total Number of Fatalities |
8 |
| Number of U.S. Fatalities |
0 |
| Number of Perpetrator Fatalities |
1 |
| Total Number of Injured |
29 |
| Number of U.S. Injured |
0 |
| Number of Perpetrators Injured |
0 |
Sources
Sources
| Daniel Williams and Lee Hockstader, “Suicide Blast Kills 7 People on Israeli Bus; Many Arabs and Jews are Injured in Attack,” The Washington Post, March 21, 2002. |
| Tracy Wilkinson, “Despite Deadly Bombing, Talks on Track in Israel; Says It Won't Retaliate For The Suicide Attack That Killed Seven People,” Los Angeles Times, March 21, 2002. |
| Bob Adams “Suicide bomber kills 7; Islamic Jihad admits terror slaughter - but US envoy still pushes for ceasefire,” The Evening Standard, March 20, 2002. |
Criteria
Criteria 1
The act must be aimed at attaining a political, economic, religious, or social goal. In terms of economic goals, the exclusive pursuit of profit does not satisfy this criterion. It must involve the pursuit of more profound, systemic economic change.
Criterion 2
There must be evidence of an intention to coerce, intimidate, or convey some other message to a larger audience (or audiences) than the immediate victims. It is the act taken as a totality that is considered, irrespective if every individual involved in carrying out the act was aware of this intention. As long as any of the planners or decision-makers behind the attack intended to coerce, intimidate or publicize, the intentionality criterion is met.
Criterion 3
The action must be outside the context of legitimate warfare activities. That is, the act must be outside the parameters permitted by international humanitarian law (particularly the prohibition against deliberately targeting civilians or non-combatants.
Doubt Terrorism Proper
The existence of a "Yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper?" records reservation, in the eyes of GTD analysts, that the incident in question is truly terrorism. Such uncertainty, however, was not deemed to be sufficient to disqualify the incident from inclusion into the GTD. Furthermore, such a determination of doubt is subsequently coded by GTD analysts as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Alternate Designation
The determination of "yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper" by GTD analysts is coded as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Successful Attack
Success of a terrorist strike is defined according to the tangible effects of the attack. For example, in a typical successful bombing, the bomb detonates and destroys property and/or kills individuals, whereas an unsuccessful bombing is one in which the bomb is discovered and defused or detonates early and kills the perpetrators. Success is not judged in terms of the larger goals of the perpetrators. For example, a bomb that exploded in a building would be counted as a success even if it did not, for example, succeed in bringing the building down or inducing government repression.
Type of Attack
This field captures the general method of attack and often reflects the broad class of tactics used. It consists of the following nine categories:
- Assassination
- Armed Assault
- Unarmed Assault
- Bombing/Explosion
- Hijacking
- Hostage taking (Barricade Incident)
- Hostage taking (Kidnapping)
- Facility / Infrastructure Attack
- Unknown
Target Information
This field captures the general type of target. It consists of the following 22 categories:
- Abortion Related
- Airports & Airlines
- Business
- Government (General)
- Government (Diplomatic)
- Educational Institution
- Food or Water Supply
- Journalists & Media
- Maritime (includes Ports and Maritime facilities)
- Military
- NGO
- Other
- Police
- Private Citizens & Property
- Religious Figures/Institutions
- Telecommunication
- Terrorists
- Tourists
- Transportation (other than aviation)
- Unknown
- Utilities
- Violent Political Parties
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