Incident Summary:
8/13/2000: A powerful land mine detonated under a bus traveling near Kud between Jammu and Srinagar, India. The bus was transporting members of the Border Security Force (BSF) paramilitary. At least four soldiers were killed and 32 injured. Hizbul Mujahideen (HM), a pro-Pakistan group, claimed responsibility for the attack. The group called on the public to boycott the independence day celebrations. The guerrilla group said that their people were being killed, their property was being destroyed, and the females in their region were being sexually assaulted. This incident was one of a series of attacks leading up to independence day.
Overview
GTD ID:
200008130004
When:
2000-08-13
Country:
India
Region:
South Asia
Province/administrative
region/u.s. state:
Jammu and Kashmir
City:
Near Kud
Location Details:
On a main highway between Jammu and Srinagar, near Kud, 100 kilometers east of Jammu
What
Attack Information
| Type of Attack () |
Bombing/Explosion |
| Successful Attack? () |
Yes |
Target Information ()
| Target Type: Military |
|---|
| Name of Entity |
Border Security Force (BSF) |
| Specific Description |
Members of the Border Security Force (BSF) paramilitary traveling between Jammu and Srinagar |
| Nationality of Target |
India |
Additional Information
| Hostages |
No |
| Ransom |
No |
| Property Damage |
Yes |
| Extent of Property Damage |
Unknown |
| Value of Property Damage |
Unknown |
How
Weapon Information
| Type |
Sub-type |
| Explosives |
Land Mine |
| Weapon Details |
|---|
| A powerful land mine |
Additional Information
| Suicide Attack? | No |
| Part of Multiple Incident? | Yes |
| Criterion 1 () |
Yes |
| Criterion 2 () |
Yes |
| Criterion 3 () |
No |
| Doubt Terrorism Proper () |
Yes |
| Alternate Designation () |
Insurgency/Guerilla Action |
| Additional Information |
Multiple incidents - 200008130006, 200008130007, 200008000001 and 200008130008. One source stated that the explosion was caused by an improvised explosive device (IED) while two sources stated it was a land mine. Sources differ in the number of injured and killed. |
Who
Perpetrator Group Information
| Group Name |
Claimed Responsibility |
| Hizbul Mujahideen (HM) |
Yes (Confirmed: Unknown; Mode: Other) |
Perpetrator Statistics
| Number of Perpetrators |
Unknown |
| Number of Captured Perpetrators |
0 |
Casualty Information
| Total Number of Casualties |
4 Fatalities / 32 Injured |
| Total Number of Fatalities |
4 |
| Number of U.S. Fatalities |
0 |
| Number of Perpetrator Fatalities |
0 |
| Total Number of Injured |
32 |
| Number of U.S. Injured |
0 |
| Number of Perpetrators Injured |
0 |
Sources
Sources
| Peter Popham, "Five die as Kashmiri separists step up campaign of bombings," The Independent, August 14, 2000. |
| "Guerrillas kill 26 in Kashmir," The Ottawa Citizen, August 14, 2000. |
| "Kashmir erupts in bloody violence," The Toronto Star, August 14, 2000. |
Criteria
Criteria 1
The act must be aimed at attaining a political, economic, religious, or social goal. In terms of economic goals, the exclusive pursuit of profit does not satisfy this criterion. It must involve the pursuit of more profound, systemic economic change.
Criterion 2
There must be evidence of an intention to coerce, intimidate, or convey some other message to a larger audience (or audiences) than the immediate victims. It is the act taken as a totality that is considered, irrespective if every individual involved in carrying out the act was aware of this intention. As long as any of the planners or decision-makers behind the attack intended to coerce, intimidate or publicize, the intentionality criterion is met.
Criterion 3
The action must be outside the context of legitimate warfare activities. That is, the act must be outside the parameters permitted by international humanitarian law (particularly the prohibition against deliberately targeting civilians or non-combatants.
Doubt Terrorism Proper
The existence of a "Yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper?" records reservation, in the eyes of GTD analysts, that the incident in question is truly terrorism. Such uncertainty, however, was not deemed to be sufficient to disqualify the incident from inclusion into the GTD. Furthermore, such a determination of doubt is subsequently coded by GTD analysts as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Alternate Designation
The determination of "yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper" by GTD analysts is coded as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Successful Attack
Success of a terrorist strike is defined according to the tangible effects of the attack. For example, in a typical successful bombing, the bomb detonates and destroys property and/or kills individuals, whereas an unsuccessful bombing is one in which the bomb is discovered and defused or detonates early and kills the perpetrators. Success is not judged in terms of the larger goals of the perpetrators. For example, a bomb that exploded in a building would be counted as a success even if it did not, for example, succeed in bringing the building down or inducing government repression.
Type of Attack
This field captures the general method of attack and often reflects the broad class of tactics used. It consists of the following nine categories:
- Assassination
- Armed Assault
- Unarmed Assault
- Bombing/Explosion
- Hijacking
- Hostage taking (Barricade Incident)
- Hostage taking (Kidnapping)
- Facility / Infrastructure Attack
- Unknown
Target Information
This field captures the general type of target. It consists of the following 22 categories:
- Abortion Related
- Airports & Airlines
- Business
- Government (General)
- Government (Diplomatic)
- Educational Institution
- Food or Water Supply
- Journalists & Media
- Maritime (includes Ports and Maritime facilities)
- Military
- NGO
- Other
- Police
- Private Citizens & Property
- Religious Figures/Institutions
- Telecommunication
- Terrorists
- Tourists
- Transportation (other than aviation)
- Unknown
- Utilities
- Violent Political Parties
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